If you have been reading about NR1D1 and want a single page that covers the useful parts, this is it: definitions, context, how it is studied, and the questions that come up repeatedly.
Updated 2026-04-18. Numbers and descriptions here follow the published literature rather than marketing material.
At the molecular level, SR9009 binds the ligand-binding domain of REV-ERB and strengthens recruitment of corepressor proteins such as NCoR and HDAC3. This increases repression of target genes, including Bmal1 and other clock-controlled and metabolic genes. In rodent studies, such changes have been linked to altered lipid handling, glucose metabolism, and energy expenditure. The precise chain of events between receptor binding and whole-body effects remains an active area of research. Findings in animals do not automatically translate to humans.
Laboratory studies often administer SR9009 by injection because oral absorption appears poor in rodents. Reported pharmacokinetic properties include rapid metabolism and low systemic exposure after oral dosing. Human pharmacokinetic data are sparse, so absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion in people are not well defined. Some research explores related REV-ERB compounds with improved drug-like properties. Regulatory approval for any REV-ERB agonist as a human medicine has not been granted to date.
Detection of SR9009 in biological samples usually relies on liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. This approach separates the compound from matrix components and identifies it by mass transitions. Because SR9009 can undergo metabolism, laboratories often look for both parent drug and specific metabolites. Sample preparation may involve protein precipitation or solid-phase extraction. Method validation examines sensitivity, carryover, and interference from related substances, and reference standards are required for accurate calibration.
Storage recommendations for SR9009 reference material typically specify a freezer at -20 °C or lower, with protection from moisture and light. Repeated freeze-thaw cycles can degrade small molecules and introduce variability. Stock solutions in dimethyl sulfoxide are often aliquoted to avoid repeated handling. Stability studies may examine degradation under heat, humidity, and light exposure. The compound's thiophene and nitro groups can participate in reactions that alter analytical signals over time, so such changes affect quantitative results.
| Property | Value | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Chemical class | Synthetic small molecule | Studied as a REV-ERB agonist |
| Molecular formula | C20H24ClN3O4S | Reported for the neutral compound |
| Appearance | Off-white to pale yellow solid | Typical research-grade material |
| Solubility | Sparingly soluble in water | Soluble in solvents such as DMSO |
| Common synonyms | SR9009; Stenabolic | Stenabolic is an informal alias |
SR9009 is a synthetic small molecule studied as an agonist of REV-ERB nuclear receptors. REV-ERB alpha and REV-ERB beta help regulate circadian rhythms and metabolic gene expression. In laboratory research, SR9009 has been used to probe how these receptors affect skeletal muscle, liver, and adipose tissue. The compound was identified in academic drug-discovery work and is often described in scientific literature by its chemical name and research code. It is not an approved medicine, and human clinical data remain limited or absent.
SR9009 binds REV-ERB receptors and alters their repressive activity on target genes. This action can change transcription of genes involved in lipid handling, glucose metabolism, and mitochondrial function. In rodent studies, treated animals have shown changes in muscle oxidative capacity and exercise performance, though effects vary by dose, duration, and model. The precise molecular steps connecting receptor binding to whole-body outcomes are still an active area of investigation. Findings in animals do not automatically translate to humans.
Because REV-ERB receptors are core clock components, SR9009 has been examined for effects on daily rhythms as well as metabolism. Research has explored whether the compound can shift or reinforce circadian gene expression in tissues such as liver and muscle. Some studies report improved metabolic markers in obese or diabetic mice, while others show context-dependent responses. Questions remain about which effects are direct, which are secondary to timing, and how they might differ across species.
SR9009 is a synthetic small molecule developed as an agonist of the nuclear receptors REV-ERBα (NR1D1) and REV-ERBβ (NR1D2). These receptors help regulate circadian rhythms and metabolic gene expression. In cell and animal studies, SR9009 alters transcription of genes involved in lipid metabolism, inflammation, and mitochondrial function. It is not an approved medicine, and its pharmacological profile in humans remains largely uncharacterized. The compound is frequently discussed in the context of circadian biology and metabolic research rather than clinical use.
Preclinical reports have linked SR9009 to improved endurance and altered energy expenditure in rodents. Such findings have prompted interest in whether REV-ERB activation can influence skeletal muscle metabolism. However, the reported effects depend on dose, route, and experimental model, and replication across laboratories is limited. Human trials have not established comparable outcomes, so claims about exercise performance remain speculative. The absence of controlled human data is a central limitation in interpreting these observations.
Physicochemical behavior influences handling. SR9009 is described as a solid with limited aqueous solubility, so organic solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide or ethanol are common in research stock solutions. Aqueous dilution can produce precipitates if the organic content is too low. Light, heat, and repeated freeze-thaw cycles may affect stability. Storage recommendations usually specify a desiccated freezer environment protected from light, but exact stability data depend on the formulation and matrix.
Detection in biological samples can be complicated by rapid metabolism and low circulating concentrations. Some studies report phase I and phase II metabolites, and analytical methods may need to target those species in addition to the parent compound. Immunoassays are not broadly available, so mass spectrometry remains the main confirmatory approach. For anti-doping testing, laboratories look for SR9009 and its metabolites using validated LC-MS methods. Open questions include how long metabolites remain detectable and how different routes of administration alter detection windows.
During the 18th and 19th centuries, this color model was endorsed by many authors who have left illustrations that can still be appreciated today, such as Louis-Bertrand Castel (1740), the Tobias's color system Mayer (1758), Moses Harris (1770–76), Ignaz Schiffermuller (1772), Baumgartner and Muller (1803), Sowerby (1809), Runge (1809), the popular "Theory of Colors" (1810) by Goethe, Gregoire (1810–20), Mérimée (1815-30-39), Klotz (1816), G. Field (1817-41-50), Hayter (1826 ), the "Law of Simultaneous Contrast of Colours" (1839) by Chevreul and many others.
Oliver Platt (born January 12, 1960) is an American actor known for his work on stage and screen. He has been nominated for five Primetime Emmys, a Golden Globe Award, two Screen Actors Guild Awards, and one Tony Award. Following his acting debut in the 1988 film Married to the Mob, Platt gained prominence for his roles in Working Girl (1988), Flatliners (1990), Beethoven (1992), Indecent Proposal, Benny & Joon, The Three Musketeers (all 1993), A Time to Kill (1996), The Impostors, Bulworth, Dr. Dolittle (all 1998), Lake Placid, Three to Tango, and Bicentennial Man (all 1999). His other notable credits include Gun Shy, Ready to Rumble (both 2000), Don't Say a Word (2001), Pieces of April (2003), Kinsey (2004), The Ice Harvest, Casanova (both 2005), Frost/Nixon (2008), Year One, 2012 (both 2009), Please Give, Love & Other Drugs (both 2010), and X-Men: First Class (2011). Platt is known for his work on television series such as The Big C (2010–2013), Fargo (2014) and The Good Wife (2015). He received a Screen Actors Guild Award nomination for his portrayal of George Steinbrenner in the ESPN miniseries The Bronx Is Burning (2007) as well as nominations for the Primetime Emmy for Outstanding Guest Actor for his roles in The West Wing (2001), Huff (2005; 2006), and Nip/Tuck (2008). He is known for his recurring role as Uncle Jimmy on Hulu's The Bear (2022–2026) and has played Dr. Daniel Charles on Chicago Med since 2015. On stage, Platt made his Broadway debut in the Conor McPherson play Shining City (2006) for which he was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Actor.
SJIA is diagnosed clinically and corroborated by typical test findings; it is a diagnosis of exclusion. A child suspected of having sJIA should undergo a full evaluation for infection and cancer, including blood and urine cultures, imaging tests, and bone marrow exams to rule out leukemia or lymphoma. The International League of Associations for Rheumatology criteria for sJIA include arthritis, ≥2 weeks of daily fever, and symptoms like organomegaly, lymphadenopathy, serositis, or non-fixed/evanescent rash. Laboratory abnormalities are typical, but no specific tests are available for sJIA. Treatment for a disease varies greatly, requiring consideration of involvement, systemic characteristics, and MAS presence. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications can be safely administered for analgesic and antipyretic effects without altering initial diagnostic assessment results. Clinical trials show that anti-interleukin-6 and anti-interleukin-1 drugs are effective in managing systemic symptoms. Studies show that 40% of children with SJIA have a monocyclic disease history, recovering after varying periods. A small percentage experience a polycyclic course, with over half having a prolonged disease course. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most prevalent rheumatic illness in children, affecting 1 to 4 out of every 1000. SJIA accounts for 10% to 20% of cases, with peak presentation between 1 and 5 years. Children of all genders and ethnic origins are equally affected.
Sources: en.wikipedia.org
=== Aging and life extension === Metformin is under investigation that it may be an agent that delays aging; it may increase longevity in some animal models (e.g., C. elegans and crickets). This effect may be mediated by insulin and carbohydrate regulation, similar to its effects on diabetes. Whether metformin may help extend life, even in otherwise healthy people, remains unknown; a 2021 review of the literature found it is likely to improve healthspan, i.e., the number of years spent in good health, rather than lifespan overall. A 2017 review found that people with diabetes who were taking metformin had lower all-cause mortality. They also had reduced cancer and cardiovascular disease compared with those on other therapies. In people without diabetes, metformin does not appear to reduce the risk of cancer and cardiovascular disease.
=== Product production === Fermentation plays a significant role in producing precursor polymers to products and food additives such as amino acids, organic acids, triglycerides and fatty acids. Amino acids are industrially produced through fermentation by microorganisms such as Corynebacterium glutamicum and Escherichia coli. The global market application for amino acids is primarily food and feed additive. L-glutamic acid and L-lysine are the most commonly found amino acids in this market with L-glutamic acid being mainly used as a food flavoring in the form of monosodium glutamate (MSG) and L-lysine being mainly used as an animal feed supplement. Other amino acids like L-threonine and L-phenylalanine are also produced on large scales for different applications. Organic acids such as citric acid, lactic acid, and acetic acid are procured by microbial fermentation. Citric acid finds widespread use in the food industry as a preservative and flavoring agent. Lactic acid is used in food preservation and as a precursor for biodegradable plastics. Acetic acid is used in food as vinegar and as a chemical reagent in industries. These organic acids are produced using microorganisms like Aspergillus niger and Lactobacillus species under controlled fermentation conditions. Fatty acids and triglycerides are produced by fermentation on oleaginous microorganisms such as Yarrowia lipolytica and certain fungi. These microorganisms can accumulate lipids under specific culture conditions and therefore are suitable for industrial-scale production of lipids.
== Further reading == Bryant, Alfred T. (1964). A History of the Zulu and Neighbouring Tribes. Cape Town: C. Struik. p. 157. Cana, Frank Richardson (1911). "Zululand" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). pp. 1050–1055. Morris, Donald R. (1965). The Washing of the Spears: the Rise of the Zulu Nation. New York: Simon and Schuster. p. 655. Deflem, Mathieu. (1999). Warfare, Political Leadership, and State Formation: The Case of the Zulu Kingdom, 1808–1879. Ethnology 38(4):371–391. Knight, Ian. (2010). Zulu Rising: The Epic Story of Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-405-09185-5
Sources: en.wikipedia.org
SR9009 is a synthetic research compound that activates the REV-ERBα and REV-ERBβ nuclear receptors. It is not an approved drug and has no established human therapeutic use. Most published biological data come from cell and rodent studies.
No. SR9009 is frequently mislabeled as a SARM in online discussions, but it does not target androgen receptors. Its known mechanism involves REV-ERB nuclear receptors and circadian-metabolic gene regulation.
Human clinical data are very limited. There is no approved human use, and safety and efficacy in people are not established. Most evidence comes from preclinical models, so effects observed in animals may not apply to humans.
Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry is a common approach. It can detect the parent compound and its metabolites in biological matrices.